When you're learning scales on one instrument do you ever think in terms of how they go on a different one? If so, does it help?

There's a couple I can play on keyboards but find difficult on flute. When I try to play them on flute it's almost as if I have no concept of what notes are involved, but I must know on some level as I can deal with the same scales just fine on keyboards and for theory. I just go a bit blank on the notes when I'm playing the flute. I know what they sound like, so I can pick them out by ear, but there's a bit of trial-and-error sometimes.
I'm not sure if trying to picture the keyboard version of the scale in my head while I'm playing it on flute would help, or if I'll just dig myself into a worse hole that way.

T.

That used to help for me, when I got to grade 8ish on the piano there were too many to learn so I learnt finger patterns, not notes. So when it came to my flute it didn't really help... But it helps when I'm working out diminished 7ths though.

I find a very similar thing on piano and cello; i find scales so much easier on the former as i can see where i'm going. however, on cello i find them much much harder.
I'm not sure that i can really help in resolving it apart from say that it happens to others, too, and for me i do think about them a bit on piano when actually playing cello. (if you see what i mean).

When I started playing scales on the oboe I used to systematically see a keyboard in my head. It is not quite so systematic now that the fingerings have become more automatic. However, I still prefer to play, for example, C major and C minor one after the other rather than C major and A minor which my oboe teacher says is a pianists way of doing this and does not help to remember woodwind fingering.

I found that the simple (say....up to 2 sharps or flats) scales came naturaly on the Oboe.



After 2 sharps/flats, It's guess, trial-and-error, and repeating the scale untill I get it right...

I didn't actually learn oboe scales progressively. After a few months my teacher asked me one lesson what scales I knew and I said I didn't really know (in that I knew all the notes but had not played them as scales) so he just proceeded to ask me all the major and minor ones one after the other - hence the need for the piano keyboard in my head!

That sounds a bit scary...



I don't know my piano scales well enough, because I had to force myself to learn them for my grade 5 very quickly. And then I didn't have the motivation to learn the scales properly for grade 6 either...

I got into piano scales when I was a bit older than you and revising for O Levels. I used to put revision notes on the stand and play scales while memorising. I also used to use them to unwind when I came home from a stressful day at school.

I see the point about fingering but the reason I suggest to my piano students that they pair relatives is to help them to associate the same key signature.

The only link I have with scales between any of the instruments I play, is that sometimes if I am lazy I will play my scale(s) on clari/sax/flute or whatever and picture a keyboard in my head. My fingerings are automatic once I know which notes I am playing, which is where the keyboard comes into play. That makes no sense .

Not being a keyboard player myself, I've never thought of scales in terms of black or white notes. I've never had to 'think' where the notes were or what the next note was, regardless of the instrument I was playing.

Use your ears and the basis of how the major/minor scales are formed, then all you need to do is form the same pattern from each starting note. Such a simple method, how can anyone become confused when playing scales on different instruments?

I don't become confused between instruments. But I do find piano scales easier to learn the notes of (fingering is a whole 'nother issue!) because I can see them all in front of me and can see the patterns and shapes.

What I'm finding slightly weird is how it can be so much harder to learn something like Eb minor on flute, when I can already play it comfortably on keyboards. If I had no idea at all about what notes/intervals/accidentals were involved, I wouldn't be able to play it on a keyboard.

I don't try to see the piano scale in my head while I'm playing the flute scale, but I might try that to see if it helps any.

T.

What's interesting is how I think notes when playing - not just for scales, but they are a great example.
On a descant or tenor recorder, I think the note name as I play - so all fingers down is a C.
When I first started playing the treble recorder (1988), I would think of it the same way, i.e. if I saw an F on the clef, I would put all fingers down but would be thinking C Like I invented my own new clef.

Even after a 15 year break I find my head works this way - that the letter name is associated with a finger pattern, not the space/line in the music. However, with a bit of effort it is becoming less so - and I think added the bass recorder (with it's treble-like fingering but on the bass clef) has helped as I've had to break the mismatch and if I do need to think it through, I think it through properly. Though fortunately in both cases the blob on the page is turning in to a noise from my recorder with less and less thought as time goes on, and I guess so long as I know what an A looks like on the page and on all my recorders it doesn't really matter if I call it A, E, Fred, Majorie or Squeak as long as I don't need to 'stop, think and translate'

The only place this doesn't work is scales. With scales I pretty much ALWAYS think the note names as I am playing (but without flat or sharp, there's no time). So if I were playing an F-major scale on a descant I'd thinkg FGABCDEFEDCBAGF (but would of course play the B as B-flat).
On a treble, the same fingering would be a Bb major scale. If asked to play a Bb major scale, I'd find my hands in the right place, but as I playeit I would be thinking FGABCDEFetc as if it were descant. I just CAN'T stop thinking the note names when I play scales, and I can ONLY think of them as descant-fingering rather than treble fingering.
I'm hoping to break the habit as time goes on though.

It's not a case of simply being confused. I know all my major and minor scales, but on some occasions when playing them on a woodwind instrument I just need to picture a keyboard in my head, for the more tricky ones. It's not a case of whilst playing them thinking "oh now I need to sharpen the 7th here". Unfortunately I can't think quickly like that and play scales quickly at the same time. However, I do apologise for not being a genius such as yourself.

I wouldn't say I'm confused either. I can hear when I play the wrong note and on the violin I could adjust up or down a semi-tone easily. The problem with the oboe (and other woodwind instruments) is that even when you hear the note is wrong it is not always immediately obvious which fingers to move to get the right note. (Changing from C to C#, for example, involves moving seven fingers). Until it becomes totally automatic, it is helpful to actually think about which note you want to play next.

For the last 6 years, i've only played the piano. I've just recently taken up the recorder. Because I've played only the piano for so long, the scales have been completely imbedded in my mind as places on the keyboard, not dots on a stave or the notes letter names. Now I've started trying to learn the scales on the recorder, i find this really gets in the way. I can play them with the music in front of me, but then as soon as i take it away, i grind to a halt. When playing recorder scales, i have to work out what the notes on the piano look like on the stave, then read the music in my head. So i'd say that imagining the notes on the piano is far from helpful, but then someone else might find it helpful if they can think this process really quickly (i can't)

I agree - this is one aspect where scales are easier on strings IMO, in that it's pretty obvious what to do if you want to play a note sharper or flatter - you don't have to know the fingering. With woodwind, you do have to know the fingering.

I know most of them anyway - but on the guitar and piano I learn finger patterns, where as on the oboe I find it way more difficult. Though it was years ago, when I took my G4 oboe I nearly had a breakdown when I couldn't play C minor. I couldn't remember how it went!

I always enjoyed piano scales as a child -- didn't need to think! -- and so they are well ingrained. Violin scales are easy because the fingering patterns are pretty much the same for all of them, though playing them perfectly in tune at speed can be another matter... But I have recently started learning the cornet and find the scales much harder, with only three valves and an apparently random order. I have been plugging away at them though and they are beginning to sink in now, thank goodness.

There seem to be quite a lot of people here who do picture a keyboard in their head in order to play scales on wind instruments.

This prompts several questions:

1. If you play a woodwind instrument reasonably regularly, then surely you know the fingerings well enough to play in various keys? - or do you also think of the notes in a piece of music as notes on the keyboard?

2. Making the assumption you do play in a variety of keys without relation to the image of a keyboard, then you should also know what fingers need to be held down/released for each and every note, regardless of the scale.

3. If you don't know the fingerings well enough/automatically, then how does imagining a keyboard tell you what the woodwind instrument fingerings are?

4. If you didn't play the keyboard, how would you deal with playing scales on maybe two or three different woodwind instruments?

(These are genuine questions by the way, not sarcastic remarks - before anyone passes comment).

...until that is, you need to play a scale fluently. An example of that is a student I inherited who'd been taught to play the violin by numbers instead of note names. Not knowing a fingering, or having to guess it, runs the risk of you not shifting and then running out of fingers at the last minute.

Regardless of instrument, scales rarely appear in works in the same format as a scale for an exam, that's why sticking to one fingering pattern (for string instruments), or one standard rhythm (for all instruments), is a bad move. In a composition some scale passages don't even begin on the tonic, so you need to be careful you don't end up playing the wrong notes,..... which leads me back to the keyboard image and another question:

How much use would the keyboard image be if you start on the dominant of a scale, for example?

Sorry about the huge quote (i couldn't work out how to do more than one separate little one)

2: I don't know if this is normal, but i don't think of scales as notes on a stave at all, but a progression of fingerings, so the way i picture the scales in my mind (keyboard) gets in the way of playing recorder scales without the music. but then, when i've learned them better, this problem should go away i think.

3: That's precisely the problem, it doesn't and just gets in the way.

Last question: it wouldn't be any use on the recorder, because it would just confuse me, but in terms of the piano, it doesn't make any difference what note you start on because you're used to playing 4 octaves non-stop, so within that have played the scale starting on all the different notes.

I hope that's been a bit helpful Sorry if it wasn't

I do know my fingerings well. I'm not speaking for anyone else but I don't use the keyboard in my head as something to indicate a fingering. That is a bit pointless as the keyboard doesn't flash "right hand B" at me when playing E major, for example.



Yes



As I said earlier - it doesn't. I personally don't play every melodic minor or the 'harder' majors/harmonic minors all the time. I know how to work them out, I know their key signatures, but I suppose with some of them I just need a moment on a woodwind instrument to think "hang on what on earth am I doing" and that's where the keyboard comes into play. For some reason, I can play them ok on a piano, perhaps because I can see the notes mapped out in front of me, so what it comes to play a difficult one on a woodwind instrument that I've not played in a while, picturing a keyboard helps as I know I can play it on that. Hope that makes sense.



I play 4 woodwind instruments but am 'lucky' enough to be able to play the piano as well. I started learning piano first though ears and years ago so I've never not known it as part of my musical life so if I've needed it, it's been there. When I first started learning scales on woodwind instruments I just learnt them,no keyboard picture involved. Now, as I've got older, I don't play as much, I don't play every scale 10 times a day, and things just slip out of my memory, and that is where they keyboard helps. I don't know why I find them more difficult to remember on woodwind instruments than piano, but I just do.

This probably sounds a bit weird. On a piano, scales consist of single notes, using single fingers in a logical order (123 etc). Now imagine if you take your hands off your woodwind instrument and place them on a piano, but still use the woodwind fingerings, you have a series of pretty random chords. A series of 'chords' is obviously going to be hard to remember.

I agree entirely with what Scaramouche said and just want to develop a little her answer to question N°3.

I think visualising the keyboard has a lot to do with how people memorise things. The association between the note on the page and the fingering are automatic for me. If I am playing scales from a scale book, I do not have to think about the keyboard first - the notes are there in front of me. If I see a scale passage in a piece of music I recognise it as such and usually automatic fingering comes into play. If it doesn't then I usually do a bit of intensive work on the scale in question. The reason I think of the keyboard is purely as a reminder to myself of what notes I need to play and takes a fraction of a second.

As I said in an earlier post, I did not learn oboe scales progressively - I went from never having played a single scale to my teacher expecting me to be able to play all major and minor scales - and, although I regularly play scales, I have never practised them with an exam in mind. I don't really need to think of the keyboard for the major ones these days but I do for most of the melodic minors, simply as a way of reminding myself which notes I acutally want to play. I would have thought that when people are learning scales they must have some way of reminding themselves what note they need to play next and different people probably do this in different ways. My non-keyboard playing daughter, for example, says the note names to herself.

FYI - I have never used a keyboard image to help me with scales. Being an excreble keyboard player it would be of little or no use to me.

Yes, of course one doesn't always (or even often) get to play scales starting on the tonic, ascending 2 octaves then descending neatly back to the tonic in real music... I don't recall anyone claiming that that happens a lot! I still maintain that scales and scalic passages are generally more intuitive (though arguably often more difficult to play in tune) on strings than on woodwind.

I do no string practice at the moment outside of a weekly (in term time - and we have a long summer off) orchestra rehearsal and a monthly chamber group. I've never learned scales formally on the viola and my reading of the alto clef still goes out of the window occasionally. I learned scales formally to G6 standard on the violin... a decade ago. I'll leave you to guess how much practice they have had since I stopped having violin lessons! ( Or even while I was still having violin lessons... ) I don't know or practise fingering patterns or scales on the viola and never have. I still managed to sight read several fast scalic passages in public at the local Fayre this afternoon with only a few missed notes in the last passage. Which position I use and which fingers depended far more on what seemed, in the fleeting moment, most efficacious... I wasn't thinking "ooh it's A major so I need to start in such-and-such a position and use such-and-such a finger pattern". I didn't need to know what fingers I should (in an ideal world!) have been using in order to play the scale (though I am sure that someone who 1) was better than me, 2) practised their scales and 3) ideally, wasn't sight-reading in public would be able to come up with more efficient fingerings than I did on the hoof! And the result would be correspondingly that much more fluent to the ear and that much less awkward under the fingers)

YES, pro musicians will have to cope with a lot more than I did this afternoon. YES, a fluent knowledge of scales beyond what I will ever have on strings would be required to play at the highest level. However in respect of playing at that sort of level, the same is true for flutes or horns or whatever. When it gets down to brass tacks, I can play scale passages more effectively "on a wing and a prayer" on the viola or the violin than I could on flute if I did not actually know my flute scales/fingerings (having actively learned them - and recently too).

On the violin or viola, if I see a sharp, I put my finger a semitone higher... because of aural feedback linked to fingering instinct. On the flute, especially in the higher reaches, I have to actually know the fingering - I can't simply hear "that's wrong" and move a finger up or down a string. I can hear the problem, but if I have forgotten the fingering, I'd be very lucky to correctly guess a fingering that made the note I wanted with good tone etc. Correct fingerings in the top octave of the flute are, as you surely know playing the instrument yourself, not always at all intuitive, and not intuitive to correct by a semitone if one has no idea what the correct fingering is! Yes, those fingerings are becoming more intuitive for me, and the ability to hear a wrong note and immediately play a semitone different is getting better and better. But that's because I've made a big effort to learn those fingerings, learn gets, and get things fluent. I have to know what the fingering is before it can become instinctive.

On the contrary, even as a child on the violin, even if my accuracy was hardly brilliant, it was simply downright obvious pretty early on that if a note was flat, I needed to move my finger a bit further up the string towards me. The very machinery that makes a flute easier to play in tune (because using the right fingering gets one in the right ballpark) also requires me to learn the fingerings intellectually to start with. I know that I learned "Twinkle Twinkle" with one finger very early on on the violin! Because, although, yes, over the years I had to learn the most efficient fingerings and shifts etc for certain passages or tunes, the lack of machinery that makes the violin more difficult to play in tune - it doesn't give you any help, and one can play octaves of "real" notes plus any number of random microtones on any given string - also makes it possible to play a given note in tune without needing to have a clue what position one is in. Someone who had no idea how a fiddle was played could, if they had a good sense of pitch, copy a ridiculously high note on the violin just by experimenting with moving a finger around till they hit the right spot. That would, I think, be rather harder on an instrument with more "machinery" intruding between the player and the note. Play a series of notes in reasonable tune on the other hand is in many ways more difficult, for the very same reasons. But one can find any note essentially just by moving a finger about. Guessing fingerings on a flute would require someone to have some serious physics knowledge and/or know how the flute overblows etc... I couldn't do it and come up with all the best fingerings I suspect, though I guess without the knowledge enough patience would eventually come up with reasonable alternatives. Not efficient anyway!!

As I said in the original post - this is ONE aspect where strings are easier when it comes to scales - ONE small part. I certainly don't think that means "scales are easy on strings" - the very fact that tuning is infinitely varied is what makes scales on strings blooming difficult if you ask me, and personally I'd far rather be tested on flute scales (having learned them) than viola ones (even though I could wing it for many of them). I DON'T find scales on violin or viola especially easy. But I can start on any random note and give you 2 octaves more-or-less of a major scale without actually having to learn the scale on the viola or the violin (even if it's not totally perfect) which I could not have done on flute (even badly!) without first knowing the relevant fingerings for the 3rd reigster. Heck, I could probably start on a quarter tone on a fiddle and play a scale from it. I'd be hard pressed to try that on flute unless I just pulled the headjoint out! It's possible to play a scale really badly/make a total hash/run out of fingers and end up using really inelegant fingering on a viola or a violin if one hasn't learned it, but it's still possible to play the scale - if your ears are sharp you could play the scale by shifting one finger up and down the string. It would not exactly be a great idea but it's more than possible.

I'll say it again - I am emphatically NOT saying "oh, scales are easy on strings". They're not - I often find them flipping difficult. BUT in my experience, the ability to intuitive play a scale by ear is considerably more logical and easy on strings than on flutes which require one to play via a bunch of machinery rather than direct contact and "moving my finger this way makes it sharper and that way makes it flatter"! Knowing one's scales better, being able to play them starting in various positions/from notes other than the tonic, and so on and so forth, will undoubtedly make one a far better player, and I don't claim that playing on a wing and a prayer is necessarily a great idea. But being clueless is in this respect less fatal on strings outside of being a professional and thus expected to be a great deal more competent than yours truly!

Hmmm. Lots of waffle - sorry. But hopefully you get what I mean now anyway...


I'm sure it also has to do with whether one is a visual learner. As someone who played the violin before anything else (even recorder!) it seems almost a bit weird to me to memorise scales in visual terms... I memorise them by feel and sound more than by visualise how they look on the page, instrument, or keyboard. But I suspect that has a great deal to do with my lack of pianistic ability and the fact that it's not my main or preferred instrument, nor was it the first instrument I learned, rather than that it's a weird thing to do! I think for me memorising scales from how they feel under the hands and how they sound is far more natural than how they look. I know the theory, and know how the scales look on the page - but I play them right because I've learned how they feel, and I know whether I got them right because I listen. Even on the piano, I know and memorise and can recall a scale because I place the fingers correctly to start and then play by feel and ear, rather than "seeing" the scale on the keyboard. If that makes the slightest sense. Which it quite probably doesn't... I guess what I mean is that whilst being able to see my hands moving over the keyboard helps in terms of just general geographic sense of the keyboard, if given the choice of playing scales silently or playing them without looking, I'd find the lack of aural feedback FAR more difficult to deal with. And ditto the physical feel of the feedback... for instance on the fiddle I know by feel (not necessarily totally consciously) which position my hand is in and which fingers are close to each other or far from each other, which is part of what enables me to play a scale. Not because I am consciously aware that "I am in 3rd position and my hand has a semitone between the 2nd and 3rd fingers", a visual set of positions and patterns, but because I know how playing that scale feels and coupled with the aural feedback of "you just played 2 tones" I instinctively place whatever is the next finger a semitone up.

Argle. I don't know how to explain. But I definitely agree that it has a good deal to do with how an individual memorises. And certainly I memorise (not just scales!) much less by visual cues than other cues. And therefore a piano keyboard (especially when I play it badly) is not massively helpful... it's another set of codes to decipher before I know what I'm doing, rather than a useful mnemonic.

I'd be even worse than that. I have to actually look really carefully at a keyboard before I choose which key is A440

In many ways, I'm glad I've never played the piano. From the replies to my questions, it would seem having piano scales rooted in your head can become a hinderance when trying to learn scales on a wind instrument.

I think Sarah speaks my language!

W

This may be a singers way of approaching scales, but along with memorising the correct fingering of scales on the piano, my approach to scales on another instrument is rather generic. I know the intervals that comprise a major scale, melodic minor scale harmonic minor scale etc and play the next interval up. Coupled with the fact I teach theory, I've memorised the key signatures and for melodic minors thing up as major with flat third down as key signature, and with harmonic minor think sharped 7th in both directions.

It may take some time learning scales like this, but it really helps. scales are not a collection of fingerings, they are recognisable note patterns. This also helps when I have passages of runs in music, recognise the note pattern and it comes flying off the instrument. Mentally you are one step ahead.

I would advise any instrumentalist to memorise the actual scale as well as how they fit to your instrument.

Maybe it's just me, but knowing what the actual scale is comes naturally for me with having learned it - ie knowing what the notes are. Maybe that's a benefit of being a multi-instrumentalist - learning the same scales on several instruments means you have to know 'em pretty well!

Yes, I would agree that being a multi-instrumentalist (probably for a number of years) does mean you really do LEARN your scales independently on each instrument.