1. The Buffet B12 is a good starter instrument, as is the Yamaha YCL250. Budget for a new one to cost £300-350 (not sure how much that would be in Australian currency). You may be able to find something second hand that is cheaper.
2. The Team Woodwind series, A New Tune a Day and the Boosey and Hawkes tutor series are all good books. You'll also need some reeds of 1 1/2 or 2 strength, cork grease and a pull-through to clean your clarinet with, though a new outfit may well come with some or all of these.
3. Yes, agree with PD, I'd recommend finding yourself a teacher to ensure you don't fall into any bad habits (clarinet and sax technique are not exactly the same re embouchure/breathing, they have some similarities but they're not exactly the same). And do make sure you practice regularly (as I'm sure you will!

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Hope you enjoy the wonderful world of the clarinet, and if I think of anything else, I'll post it here (it's getting quite late, and I'm getting a bit tired!)