The first five posts of this thread contain the theory terms for each of the Grades 1-5, as they appear in the ABRSM First Steps in Music Theory book. The meanings should be invisible but if anyone wants to test themselves and check what the right answer is, just highlight (eg triple-click) the line

Note that in the exam, you may be questioned on theory terms from previous grades, not just those listed for the grade you are entering.

For the pronunciation of terms, go to the Virginia Tech music dictionary site or the Dictionary.com site. Also the Dolmetsch site contains a music dictionary and masses more information on music theory.

For tips on How to Learn Theory Terms - click through to this thread


Good luck in your exam!


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GRADE 5 THEORY TERMS (scroll to the posts below for the previous grades)


GERMAN TERMS

aber but
Ausdruck expression
bewegt with movement, agitated
breit broad, expansive

ein a, one
einfach simple
etwas somewhat, rather
fröhlich cheerful, joyful

immer always
langsam slow
lebhaft lively
mässig at a moderate speed
mit with

nicht not
ohne without
ruhig peaceful

schnell fast
sehr very
süss sweet

traurig sad
und and
voll full

wenig little
wieder again
zart tender, delicate
zu to, too



ITALIAN TERMS

alla misura in strict time
attacca go straight on to the next section of music

dolente sad, mournful
dolore grief
doloroso sorrowful
doppio movimento twice as fast

estinto as soft as possible, lifeless
incalzando getting quicker
lacrimoso sad

loco at the normal pitch (used to cancel an 8va direction)
lunga long
lunga pausa long pause
lusingando coaxing, in a sweet and persuasive style

misura measure (alla misura: in strict time; senza misura: in free time)
ossia or, alternatively
piacevole pleasant
piangevole plaintive, in the style of a lament
pochettino, poch rather little

rinforzando, rf, rfz reinforcing
segue go straight on
senza misura in free time
smorzando, smorz dying away in tone and speed

teneramente, tenerezza tenderly, tenderness
tosto swift, rapid (but often used in the same sense as �"troppo”)
volante flying, fast

GRADE 4 THEORY TERMS


ITALIAN TERMS

affettuoso tenderly
affrettando hurrying
amabile amiable, pleasant
appassionato with passion

calando getting softer, dying away (and usually slowing down)
cantando singing
come as, similar to (come prima, as before; come sopra, as above)

facile easy
fuoco fire
giusto proper, exact (tempo giusto: in strict time)
l'istesso the same (l'istesso tempo: at the same speed)

morendo dying away
niente nothing
nobilmente nobly

perdendosi dying away
possibile possible (presto possibile: as fast as possible)
quasi as if, resembling

sonoro resonant, with rich tone
sopra above
sotto below (sotto voce: in an undertone)

veloce swift
voce voice


FRENCH TERMS

a to, at
animé animated, lively
assez enough, sufficiently
avec with

cédez yield, relax the speed
douce sweet
en dehors prominent (a direction to make a melody stand out)
et and

légèrement light
lent slow

mais but
modéré at a moderate speed
moins less

non not
peu little
plus more
presser hurry (en pressant: hurrying on)

ralentir slow down
retenu held back (en retenant: holding back, slowing a little)
sans without

très very
un, une one
vif lively
vite quick

GRADE 3 THEORY TERMS


ITALIAN TERMS

ad libitum, ad lib at choice, ie a passage may be played freely
adagietto rather slow, but faster than Adagio
agitato agitated

alla breve with a minim beat - equivalent to 2/2. Implies faster tempo than note values might otherwise suggest
amore love
amoroso loving

anima soul, spirit (con anima - can mean “with feeling” or “spirited”)
animando becoming more lively
animato animated, lively

ben well
brio vigour (con brio - with vigour, lively)
comodo convenient (tempo comodo - at a comfortable speed)

deciso with determiniation
delicato delicate
energico energetic

forza force
largamente broadly
leggiero light, nimble
marcato, marc emphatic, accented

marziale in a military style
mesto sad
pesante heavy
prima, primo first

risoluto bold, strong
ritmico rhythmically
rubato, tempo rubato with some freedom of time

scherzando, scherzoso playful, joking
seconda, secondo second
semplice simple, plain

sempre always
stringendo gradually getting faster
subito suddenly

tanto so much
tranquillo calm
triste, tristamente sad, sorrowful
volta time (prima volta - first time; seconda volta - second time)

GRADE 2 THEORY TERMS


ITALIAN TERMS

a at, to, by, for, in, in the style of
al, alla to the, in the manner of (alla marcia - in the style of a march)
allargando broadening (getting a little slower and probably a little louder)
allegro assai very quick
andantino slightly faster than andante (but may also mean slightly slower)
assai very (allegro assai - very quick)

con, col with
dolce sweet, soft
e, ed and
espressivo (or espress or espr) expressive

fp (= fortepiano) loud, then immediately soft
giocoso playful, merry
grave very slow, solemn
grazioso graceful

larghetto rather slow (but not as slow as largo)
largo slow, stately
ma but
maestoso majestic

meno less
molto very, much
mosso, moto movement (meno mosso: slower; con moto: with movement)

non not
piu more
presto fast (faster than allegro)

senza without
sforzando, sforzato (sf, sfz) forced, accented
simile (or sim) in the same way
sostenuto sustained

tenuto held
troppo too much (non troppo: not too much)
vivace, vivo lively, quick

GRADE 1 THEORY TERMS


ITALIAN TERMS

a tempo In time
accelerando (accel) Gradually getting quicker
adagio Slow

allegretto Fairly quick (but not as quick as allegro)
allegro Quick (literally cheerful)
allegro moderato Moderately quick
andante At a medium ‘walking’ speed

cantabile In a singing style
crescendo (cresc) Gradually getting louder

da capo (DC) Repeat from the beginning
dal segno (DS) Repeat from the sign “S”
decrescendo (decresc) Gradually getting quieter
diminuendo (dim) Gradually getting quieter

fine The end
forte (f) Loud
fortissimo (ff) Very loud
legato Smoothly
lento Slow

mezzo Half
mezzo forte (mf) Moderately loud (literally half loud)
mezzo piano (mp) Moderately quiet (literally half quiet)
moderato Moderately

pianissimo (pp) Very quiet
piano (p) Quiet
poco A little

rallentando (rall) Gradually getting slower
ritardando (rit) (ritard) Gradually getting slower
ritenuto (rit) (riten) Held back

staccato (stacc) Detached
tempo Speed, time

If I'd seen this when i was doing grade 1 it would have totally got rid of one my way for remembering cantabile (in a singing style) It rhymes! - at least i thought it did lol

These terms were all on separate threads but I've combined them into the same thread now which seems easier to revise from

must...learn...theory...terms

Thanks for the lists. They will come in very handily for us next week when we will be making a final push for this exam. We are still working on the terms but these are marks that my child probably won't get on the day. I can live with that. Her last mock exam mark was 77% so I'm feeling okay about it.
Dora

Hey skylark, these are great many thanks

Glad you find them useful I've just been having another look at them - it's amazing how easily you forget the terms when you're not using them all the time!

Would it be a good idea to have this thread pinned?

Car Expert

Two weeks to go! If anyone wants to test themselves on performance terms, the terms for all the grades are in the first few posts of this thread - good luck everyone!


(triple-click on each line to reveal the meaning of each term)

I'm so glad I speak a reasonable amount of German, French and Italian - makes the terms so much easier! There are usually only one or two I need to actually learn. But this resource is great for final revision, thanks.

Thanks for doing this Skylark.

Just wanted to say I found this very useful before doing my Grade 1 in November and here I am again testing myself on both Grade 1 and Grade 2 in time for March. It's great I can just sit at my desk and quietly test myself when I have a few minutes to spare. I will be back to this thread again for further revision as I hopefully move up the Grades.

I got most of the Grade 1 ones hmm I need to go and brush up on my ignorance.

thanks for doing all that skylark.

That's brilliant Skylark! Very helpful.
It does to prove to my friends though that i'm not Grade 5 Theory standard, i was strugglin with some on Grade 3!

Glad you all find it useful! Good luck with whatever exam you're taking

I'm just about to do Grade 5 (this thursday! ) and I have another way to learn the words. Try flashcards on a ring: write the word on one side and the english on the other, then you can test youself all day long on the move!
Thanks for the lists, Skylark!

Thank you!

I realized that I have lots to work on

thanx skylark this will be useful

Gosh, that's clever. How did you do that?

I have created lists for these on Headmagnet. It's a flashcard website which also gives you an indication of when to study each list again to ensure it stays in your long-term memory. This means all the terms will hopefully stay in your head long after the theory exam! You can register on the site for free to keep track of your lists (create an account or use Facebook Connect), and you can also make your own or use any of the other lists on the site - there's lots of language stuff and other fun trivia like capital cities of the world.

There are two study options: you are given the Italian(/French/German) term and write the English word, or the other way round. For Grades 4 and 5 where there are terms in multiple languages, each foreign term has a little flag underneath it to show you what language it is - this is mainly for testing English -> Italian/German/French as some of the English translations may be the same and otherwise you wouldn't know whether it was asking for the Italian or French term, for example. As you go through the list, any you get wrong will be repeated at the end until you get them right (or until you've had enough and quit), and you can skip over terms you already know.

Here are the lists:

Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4
Grade 5

[EDIT: More lists (taken from TG Grade 8 theory workbook)]

Transposing instruments
Score-related terms and piece titles in English/Italian/French/German
Instrument names in English/Italian/French/German

I've used accents or umlauts where appropriate. Instructions for typing accents on a Windows keyboard can be found here. I did these in the wee small hours of this morning, so let me know if there are any spelling mistakes and I'll sort them out. Hope people find these helpful.

I've already done the theory, but this is brilliant for revision, thank you! Also, what a good website for facts revision - bookmarked.



One initial correction - Ausdruck is German, not French. It's brilliant, though - thank you so much!

EDIT: just scrolled up the posts and there's one from me two years ago - that's a bit scary!

Sorted. Glad you're finding them useful. I've also made some differentiations on the Grade 1 terms because some of them have the same definition and that makes the flashcards confusing, e.g. adagio is now 'slow' and lento is 'very slow', as it's slower than adagio but the book has them both down as 'slow', and rall. is 'gradually getting slower' and rit(ardando) is 'getting slower'. In practical terms it's splitting hairs really, but flashcards don't work so well if each term is not unique (hence the flags at the higher grades).

I get my mother to read the English version and I translate, she will tell me if Im wrong and come back to it 5mins later,


We all should hook up on skype or something and test eachother